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In computing, a context switch is the process of storing the state of a process or thread, so that it can be restored and resume execution at a later point. This allows multiple processes to share a single central processing unit (CPU), and is an essential feature of a multitasking operating system.
The precise meaning of the phrase “context switch” varies. In a multitasking context, it refers to the process of storing the system state for one task, so that task can be paused and another task resumed. A context switch can also occur as the result of an interrupt, such as when a task needs to access disk storage, freeing up CPU time for other tasks. Some operating systems also require a context switch to move between user mode and kernel mode tasks. The process of context switching can have a negative impact on system performance.[1]:28
Cost[edit]
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Context switches are usually computationally intensive, and much of the design of operating systems is to optimize the use of context switches. Switching from one process to another requires a certain amount of time for doing the administration – saving and loading registers and memory maps, updating various tables and lists, etc. What is actually involved in a context switch depends on the architectures, operating systems, and the number of resources shared (threads that belong to the same process share many resources whether compared to unrelated non-cooperating processes. For example, in the Linux kernel, context switching involves switching registers, stack pointer (it's typical stack-pointer register), program counter, flushing the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) and loading the page table of the next process to run (unless the old process shares the memory with the new).[2][3] Furthermore, analogous context switching happens between user threads, notably green threads, and is often very lightweight, saving and restoring minimal context. In extreme cases, such as switching between goroutines in Go, a context switch is equivalent to a coroutine yield, which is only marginally more expensive than a subroutine call.
Switching cases[edit]
There are three potential triggers for a context switch:
Multitasking[edit]
Most commonly, within some scheduling scheme, one process must be switched out of the CPU so another process can run. This context switch can be triggered by the process making itself unrunnable, such as by waiting for an I/O or synchronization operation to complete. On a pre-emptive multitasking system, the scheduler may also switch out processes that are still runnable. To prevent other processes from being starved of CPU time, preemptive schedulers often configure a timer interrupt to fire when a process exceeds its time slice. This interrupt ensures that the scheduler will gain control to perform a context switch.
Interrupt handling[edit]
Modern architectures are interrupt driven. This means that if the CPU requests data from a disk, for example, it does not need to busy-wait until the read is over; it can issue the request (to the I/O device) and continue with some other task. When the read is over, the CPU can be interrupted (by a hardware in this case, which sends interrupt request to PIC) and presented with the read. For interrupts, a program called an interrupt handler is installed, and it is the interrupt handler that handles the interrupt from the disk.
When an interrupt occurs, the hardware automatically switches a part of the context (at least enough to allow the handler to return to the interrupted code). The handler may save additional context, depending on details of the particular hardware and software designs. Often only a minimal part of the context is changed in order to minimize the amount of time spent handling the interrupt. The kernel does not spawn or schedule a special process to handle interrupts, but instead the handler executes in the (often partial) context established at the beginning of interrupt handling. Once interrupt servicing is complete, the context in effect before the interrupt occurred is restored so that the interrupted process can resume execution in its proper state.
User and kernel mode switching[edit]
When the system transitions between user mode and kernel mode, a context switch is not necessary; a mode transition is not by itself a context switch. However, depending on the operating system, a context switch may also take place at this time.
Steps[edit]
In a switch, the state of the process currently executing must be saved somehow, so that when it is rescheduled, this state can be restored.
The process state includes all the registers that the process may be using, especially the program counter, plus any other operating system specific data that may be necessary. This is usually stored in a data structure called a process control block (PCB) or switchframe.
The PCB might be stored on a per-process stack in kernel memory (as opposed to the user-mode call stack), or there may be some specific operating system-defined data structure for this information. 1985 southwind motorhome manual. A handle to the PCB is added to a queue of processes that are ready to run, often called the ready queue.
Since the operating system has effectively suspended the execution of one process, it can then switch context by choosing a process from the ready queue and restoring its PCB. In doing so, the program counter from the PCB is loaded, and thus execution can continue in the chosen process. Process and thread priority can influence which process is chosen from the ready queue (i.e., it may be a priority queue).
Example[edit]
Considering a general arithmetic addition operation A = B+1. The instruction is stored in the instruction register and the program counter is incremented. A and B are read from memory and are stored in registers R1, R2 respectively. In this case, B+1 is calculated and written in R1 as the final answer. This operation as there are sequential reads and writes and there's no waits for function calls used, hence no context switch/wait takes place in this case.
However, certain special instructions require system calls that require context switch to wait/sleep processes. A system call handler is used for context switch to kernel mode. A display(data x) function may require data x from the Disk and a device driver in kernel mode, hence the display() function goes to sleep and waits on the READ operation to get the value of x from the disk, causing the program to wait and a wait for function call to tbe released setting the current statement to go to sleep and wait for the syscall to wake it up. To maintain concurrency however the program needs to re-execute the new value and the sleeping process together again.
Performance[edit]
Context switching itself has a cost in performance, due to running the task scheduler, TLB flushes, and indirectly due to sharing the CPU cache between multiple tasks.[4] Switching between threads of a single process can be faster than between two separate processes, because threads share the same virtual memory maps, so a TLB flush is not necessary.[5]
Hardware vs. software[edit]
Context switching can be performed primarily by software or hardware. Some processors, like the Intel 80386 and its successors,[6] have hardware support for context switches, by making use of a special data segment designated the task state segment (TSS). A task switch can be explicitly triggered with a CALL or JMP instruction targeted at a TSS descriptor in the global descriptor table. It can occur implicitly when an interrupt or exception is triggered if there's a task gate in the interrupt descriptor table (IDT). When a task switch occurs the CPU can automatically load the new state from the TSS.
As with other tasks performed in hardware, one would expect this to be rather fast; however, mainstream operating systems, including Windows and Linux,[7] do not use this feature. This is mainly due to two reasons:
- Hardware context switching does not save all the registers (only general-purpose registers, not floating point registers — although the
TS
bit is automatically turned on in theCR0
control register, resulting in a fault when executing floating-point instructions and giving the OS the opportunity to save and restore the floating-point state as needed). - Associated performance issues, e.g., software context switching can be selective and store only those registers that need storing, whereas hardware context switching stores nearly all registers whether they are required or not.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Tanenbaum, Andrew S.; Bos, Herbert (March 20, 2014). Modern Operating Systems (4th ed.). Pearson. ISBN978-0133591620.
- ^IA-64 Linux Kernel: Design and Implementation, 4.7 Switching Address Spaces
- ^Operating Systems, 5.6 The Context Switch, p. 118
- ^Chuanpeng Li; Chen Ding; Kai Shen. 'Quantifying The Cost of Context Switch'(PDF).Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^Ulrich Drepper (9 October 2014). 'Memory part 3: Virtual Memory'. LWN.net.
- ^'Context Switch definition'. Linfo.org. Archived from the original on 2010-02-18. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
- ^Bovet, Daniel Pierre; Cesati, Marco (2006). Understanding the Linux Kernel, Third Edition. O'Reilly Media. p. 104. ISBN978-0-596-00565-8. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
External links[edit]
- Context Switching at OSDev.org
- Context Switch Definition by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
- Context Switches from the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN)
- General Architecture and Design -Interrupt Handling at FreeBSD.org
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Context_switch&oldid=984344565'
Is your Windows 10 context menu or commonly called ad right-click menus packed with numerous entries? Well, sometimes they are very convenient & helpful to manage our files & folder. But often, they just seem likey a cluttered box with so many unwanted options.
Adding or removing context menu options manually is a bit difficult & requires some advanced computer knowledge. You certainly need to follow an array of steps to accomplish the task. Moreover, if done wrongly, it could result in breaking down the OS. So, to help you clean, manage & organize the right-click menus, the Best Context Menu Editors are designed & developed.
Raise your productivity by adding, editing & removing your context menus according to your convenience.
Systweak’s Recommendation – Best Context Menu Editors For Windows 10 & Other Versions
CCleaner
| Best choice (Recommended) |
ShellMenuView
| Best choice |
Right-Click Extender 2.0
| Best choice |
Best Context Menu Editors for Windows 10, 8, 7 PC (2020)
Tired of having a right-click menu or context menu that’s just too bloating? Why not fix it with the best context menu editors? Find the ideal one with feature-rich abilities in the coming list.
1. CCleaner
Undoubtedly, the most popular name CCleaner is the ultimate choice to clean your PC & optimize it in just a few clicks. But you must be wondering why a cleaning tool is included in this list. Many of us know that the application is best known for quick startup, safe browsing, registry optimization, and much more. However, the tool is packed with some lesser-known features as well.
The software comes with an ability to manage or edit our right-click context menu items. Just open CCleaner > Go to Tools > Click on Startup option > Tap on the tab Context Menu > Now add & remove context menu items needed or no longer needed. Undoubtedly, the most preferred Windows 10 context menu editor at present.
2. ShellMenuView
ShellMenuView is a compact Windows context menu editor where you can locate a complete list of static menu items that appear on your right-click menu on any of your programs. Using this context menu manager, you can easily enable/disable any of the right-click menu entries. It’s probably the easiest option with a user-friendly dashboard, convenient for almost every type of user.
Unlike other context menu organizers, ShellMenuView does not need to be installed, or no added DLLs are required. To start using this context menu editor > copy the executable file > launch > Add the LegacyDisable key for the preferred menu option > set or delete the extended function for managing right-click menus.
3. Right-Click Extender 2.0
In case you’re looking for a simple & clear tool to manage & organize your right-click menus, then choose none other than Right-Click Extender. The freeware tool efficiently edits the right-click context menu in just a few clicks. You can use the software to enable or disable additional options not only on your Windows right-click menu but to your Drive, Hidden Menu & other files/folders as well.
The dashboard looks very plain & straightforward, just checkboxes to add the programs or uncheck to remove the items > Tap apply to make the changes. This context menu editor for Windows 10 also offers an option to create a system restore point of all the default settings before making any changes. That means if something doesn’t work well, you can easily rollback to all the modifications.
4. Context Menu Editor for Windows 7 & Vista
It’s a nifty app that brings a handy bunch of improvements for your right-click menus. This free Windows software gives you complete control over the items listed in right-click menus. It’s an easy-to-use and portable application that adds any program, app, or webpage into your context menu. With just a single click, you can remove context menu items as well.
The context menu editor app for Windows is very light on your system resources and probably the best context menu editor for Windows 7 available at the moment. Also, remember that the tool requires administrative privileges to run!
Read Also:10 Best Free DLL Fixer Software For Windows 10, 8, 7
5. Easy Context Menu
Claims as the best Windows 10 context menu editor, and we genuinely agree to it. Easy Context Menu works to ease your task to add various useful commands & tweaks you want to use daily. The tool features specific categories & subcategories: My Computer Context Menu, System Tools, Desktop Context menu, Drives Context Menu, Turn-off options, and so on, to provide you with the desired context menus.
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The tool also helps in accessing often used Windows components quickly & easily. The tool is also a portable application, so download from the official site & open the executable according to your PC’s architecture, no need to install.
6. FileMenu Tools
Let’s look at another Windows 10 context menu editor- FileMenu Tools, which makes your task super convenient & allows you to add a bundle of options to the context menu. You can use this excellent tool to clear the clutter or cast more options in the right-click menu for handling your files & folders. And worth to mention, this fine tool offers you an ability to test the upcoming commands before you add them to your context menus.
The app has both free & paid versions. The free tool only allows you to use the context menu commands up to 20 files or folders. The app also comes with a portable version, which means no need for installation, and you can quickly move the application from one computing environment to another.
7. Right Click Enhancer
As the name entails, Right Click Enhancer is a wonderful right-click menus organizer that provides users with multiple options to enhance the overall look & feel of context menus. The Windows program allows you to edit, remove & customize the entries free of cost. You can even add new options to this list according to your convenience & enhance productivity while working.
Additionally, unlike other Windows 10 context menu editors, Right Click Enhancer also allows users to transfers the right-click entries or commands to the Registry files. It is available in multiple languages to use and has an intuitive interface suitable for both novice & pro users.
8. Context Menu Tuner
In our list of best context menu editors, Context Menu Tuner had to be included. Like other software on the list, the app allows you to customize your right-click menus. But the tool also holds several abilities which others don’t have, such as: customizing the name, icon & command line parameters for each new program added on your context menu; you can also set the position of your new item according to your ease. You can also create a separate list to keep your most-used tools apart from the default ones.
This excellent software also proffers users to add any ribbon commands to the right-click menus. Adding Ribbon commands lets you organize all the functionalities of a particular application into a series of tabs.
9. Ultimate Windows Context Menu Customizer
Our list of Best Context Menu Editors would be incomplete without this great tool. It’s a perfect context menu editor for Windows 7, XP & Vista. Logic pro x 10 4 5 mojave. UWCMC doesn’t require installation and weighs as much as 26 KB.
If you want to add an item on your context menu, then simply run the app as an administrator > Choose the location of the right-click menu from Context Menu Location list > Enter the name for your context menu > Enter the command you want to execute > Enter the path of the option’s icon > Choose the position of the item > Tap Extended (in case you want to execute the command when you press Shift + Right Click) > Click Add Item > Your option will be successfully added on your context menu.
Read Also:Best Free VPN For Windows 10
10. MenuMaid
Here comes another best context menu editor- MenuMaid, which is packed with cleaning capabilities to edit the right-click menu of your Windows Explorer & Internet Explorer. Just clear the clutter from your context menus by just unticking those unwanted options from the MenuMaid interface. Likewise, if you want them again – tick the checkboxes to make them function over again in your right-click menus.
This context menu editor for Windows 7 is a fast & easy way to eliminate those unnecessary options muddled into your context menu. The first time you run the app, it pops up a dialogue box with tabs for Internet Explorer & Windows Explorer. Check & Uncheck the programs you want to appear on your menu.
11. Right-Click Context Menu Adder
Another excellent Windows 10 context menu editor- Right Click Context Menu Adder, is highly customizable software that works without any glitches. You can edit or remove context menu items swiftly with just a few clicks as the dashboard is divided into clear tabs to Add Items & Remove Items. The software’s UI covers almost your full screen. In case your desktop’s resolution is under 1024 X 768 pixels, you can switch to a compact mode for better display.
The app doesn’t strain your system’s performance since it acquires less amount of CPU and RAM. Also, the tool comes with multilingual support and applies new changes instantly. So, just launch the app > Enter the website URL (you can add EXE Files, folders, web addresses, and probably any kind of links) > Add it to your Desktop context menu. The software is available free for cost.
12. ContextEdit
ContextEdit is one of the oldest yet the finest context menu editors for Windows 10 that lets you edit right-click context menus with ease. The application looks basic, yet it has some advanced features that can customize all file extensions’ right-click menus. The software can read the native & installed apps from Windows Registry and club them into a list, where you can alter the menu according to your handiness.
ContextEdit has a clean & simple dashboard that is divided into three segments. The left pane (as shown in the image below) presents all the extensions, the Upper-right part shows shell commands of the selected item, and the lower right-pane includes the list of all the context menu handlers of the selected item. To add a new thing in the right-click context menu- Select extension from the list > Tap New > Add an internal name for the new command > Add the title name (the name you want to appear on the menu) > Choose the application or command you want to execute > Click OK!
Top 10+ Windows 10, 8, 7 Context Menu Editors/Managers (2020)
Therefore, these context menus aim to increase our productivity, adding, editing, moving, or disabling those items that you don’t use much with these context above menu editors.
So, tell us which items you will be adding or removing into your right-click menu? And also, share, which among these context menu editors for Windows 7 & 10 worked the best for you?
Frequently Asked Questions: Windows Context Menu Editing
Q1. How To Add Programs To Context Menus?
Since the procedure is quite long, we suggest you watch this step by step video tutorial so that you can implement all the steps simultaneously.
Q2. How To Clean Messy Context Menu Entries?
Well, removing & adding right-click menus manually through Registry Editor is indeed a time-consuming and challenging process. So, the best way to manage & organize your right-click menu entries is through using a dedicated Context Menu Editor. We’ll be showing you how to clean your messy context menu entries through CCleaner.
STEP 1- Launch CCleaner on your Windows PC.
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STEP 2- Navigate to the Tools module, followed by the Startup option.
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STEP 3- From the right-panel, head towards the Context Menu tab, where you’ll find a complete list of right-click menus.
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Choose actions: Enable, Disable, or Delete to organize, customize & manage your right-click menus.
Q3. Which Is The Best Windows 10 Context Menu Editor Program?
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Well, we recommend using Right-Click Extender as the best, feature-rich & most compatible right-click menus editor program. It has all the abilities & functions to manage your messy context menus and enhance productivity eventually.